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WASHINGTON 



THE HEART OF THE NATION 



By CHARLES B. REYNOLDS 

li 




Courage Patriotism Fortitude 

WITH SEVENTY-SIX ILLUSTRATIONS 

B. S. REYNOLDS COMPANY -V'/^' ~ 

WASHINGTON. D. C. 

Copyright, 1918, by B. S. Reynolds Company 



rit9 





WASHINGTON 

Above one of the portals of the Union Station is inscribed the saying 
of Samuel Johnson: "He that would bring home the wealth of the Indies 
must carry the wealth of the Indies with him, so it is in travelling— a 
man must carry knowledge with him if he would bring home knowledge." 
This is true of us who visit Washington. The city has for a background 
the field of American history; we find Washington suggestive and 
stimulating because we bring to it the knowledge of our history and the 
patriotic sentiments which are a part of our consciousness. In Washing- 
ton we see an expression of the Nation's life. The Dome of the Capitol 
is to us a thing of surpassing beauty. Its appeal is not alone that of 
architectural grace; it is to us a visible symbol of the Republic. In its 




CHIEF-JUSTICE JOHN MARSHALL. 



DEC 30 1918 ©C1.A508853 f |\ '^ 



Washing! on the Heart of the Nation. 




beaut3% strength, security, repose and 
permanence is typified all that Amer- 
ica means to us. 

Cicero once wrote that in Athens 
the glorious architecture caused him 
less pleasure than did the thought of 
the great men whose work had been 
done in its midst, how here one had 
lived and there fallen asleep, how here 
one had disputed and there lay buried. 
So it is with us here. We find pleasure 
in the beautiful architecture — a stately 
Capitol, a resplendent Library, an Ex- 
ecutive jNlansion of becoming dignity, 
a stupendous Monument, the open 
spaces of the Mall; but we are most 
moved by the associations of the scene with the great spirits of the past 
— Washington and those who with him established the Republic, Lincoln 
and those who v»ath him saved the L^nion. .The list is long of the 
men whose niem.ory thus gives the city its finer significance. We see 
their memorials on every hand. The Capitol, the White House, the 
public buildings, are halls of fame, where the portraits which hang on 
the walls and the chiseled marbles preserve their lineaments; their forms 
in bronze have places of honor on the avenues and in the parks and 
circles. Everywhere in our walks in Washington we are met by remind- 
ers of those who in their day by valor or wisdom in counsel served the 
Republic; and on the Virginia hills beyond the ~ Potomac, separated 
now by the river but some day to be united by a memorial bridge, 
Arlington calls us to pay tribute to the dead who are sleeping there. 

Washington is a place of coming 
together, the meeting ground of those 
whose home is America. To Wash- 
ington we come as to our own; in it 
we have a sense of personal interest 
and ownership. . Come from where we 
may, from States however distant, we 
here are in the Capital City which is 
our common possession. We all alike 
have share in the glorious traditions 
of its past, we all take pleasure and 
pride in its external beauties, we hold 
allegiance to the ideals for which it 
stands, and amid its influences find that 
allegiance strengthened. From Wash- 
ington we go home better AitT^ricans. 




THE CAPITOL 

The Capitol has place among the beautiful buildings of the world. It 
is given added grandeur and impressiveness by its situation on a height 
overlooking the amphitheater of the city, the Potomac lowlands and the 
distant ranges of encircling hills. It is of magnificent proportions. 

The central building is of sandstone; the extensions are of marble. 
The entire length is 751ft., width 350ft.; area over 3V2 acres. The 
cornerstone: of the main building was laid by President Washington, 
Sept. 18, 1793; the building vva« finished in 1827. The extensions were 
first occupied in 1857 and 1859, The Dome, springing from a peristyle of 
fluted Corinthian columns above the central building, and terminating 
in a lantern, is surmounted bi^ the statue of Armed Liberty, towering 
307>Sft. above the esplanade. 

On the east front are three grand porticoes with Corinthian columns, 
and there is a portico of similar columns on the end and west front of 
each extension, and a loggia on the west front of the main building. 
In the tympanum of the LIouse Portico is a sculptured group of the 
Goddess of Peace with figures representing Hunting, Agriculture, 
^lanufactures, and Navigation. The Rotunda Portico has an allegorical 
group of the Genius of America; the shield is inscribed July 4, 1776; 
there are figures of Hope and Justice; the scroll of the Constitution 
bears the date of adoption, Sept. 17, 1787. There are on the portico two 
colossal groups: The Discovery of America (Columbus and Indian girl), 
and the Settlement of America (a pioneer in conflict with a savage). 
There are marble figures of War and Peace, and above the door is a 
composition of Peace and Fame placing a wreath upon the brow of 
Washington. The marble group in the tympanum of the Senate Portico 
typifies American Development and the Decadence of the Indian Race; 
in the center stands America bestov/ing honor upon General Washing- 
ton; on the right are Commerce, Education, Mechanics and Agricul- 
ture; on the left Pioneer, Hunter, Indian and Indian mother. Above 
the Senate entrance are marble figures of Justice and History. 

A convenient program for seeing the Capitol is to go first to the 
Rotunda, then to visit the Hall of Statuary, the Hall of Representa- 
tives and its rooms, the Supreme Court and the Senate Chamber and 
its rooms. We shall everywhere find richness of construction and a 
wealth of decoration. The walls are hung with paintings commemorat- 
ing the great events in our history: and there are portraits on canvas and 
in marble and bronze of those who have rendered distinguished service 
to their country, many of them here in these halls. 

7 



Wasliington the Heart of tlie Nation. 




THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 

Painting in the Rotunda. By John Trumbull, of Connecticut. The scene is the hall of 
the Continental Congress. John Hancock, President of the Congress, is in the chair, 
and before him stand the Committee of Five — Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin 
Fn'nklin, Roger Sherman and Robert R. Livingston. 



The RoTi'NDA is an immense circular hall 97ft. in diameter and i8oft. 
in height from floor to inner shell of dome and canopy. Eight paint- 
ings on the wallj have for their subjects: 
Landing of Cohinibtis on San Salvador, Oct. 12, 1492. (By Vanderlyn.) 
Discuvery of tlie Mississippi by Dc Soto, 1541. (By W. H. Powell.) 
Baptism of Pocaliontas, Jamestown, Va., 1613. (By John G. Chapman.) 
Embarkation of tlie Pilgrims from Delft Haven, July 22, 1620. (Weir.) 
Declaration of Independence, Philadelphia, July 4, 1776. (By Trumbull.) 
The Surrender of Burgoyne Saratoga, Oct. 17 1777. (By Trumbull.) 
Surrender of ConizvalUs, Yorktown Oct. 19, 1781. (By Trumbull.) 
The Resignation of General Washington, Dec. 23, 1783. (By Trumbu'.! ) 
Above the paintings are sculptured portraits of Columbus, Raleigh, 
Cabot and T.a Salle; and above the doors are sculptures: Landing of 
the Pilgrims, Pocahontas Rescuing Capt. John Smith, William Penn's 
Conference with ^he Indians, and Daniel Boone in Conflict with the 
Indians. The Rotunda Frieze, 65ft. above the floor and encircling the 
wall, which is here 300ft. ?n circumference, illustrates periods in the 
history of the continent: Landing of ("lolumbus, Coftez and Monte- 
zuma in the Temple of the Sun; Pizarro in Peru, Burial of De Soto, 
Rescue of Capt. John Smith, Landing at Plymouth Rock. Penn's Treaty 
with the Indians, Settlement of New England, Oglethorpe and the 



Washington the Heart of the Kat'ion. 

JNInscogee, Battle of Lex- ' 
ington, Declaration of In- 
dependence, Surrender of 
Lord Cornwallis, Death of 
Tecumseh, the American 
Army Entering the City of 
?\Iexico, California Gold 
]\ lining. The Canopy con- 
tains a colossal allegorical 
fresco representing the 
Apotheosis of Washington. 
The statues on the floor are 
of Washington, Jefferson, 
Hamilton, Lincoln, Grant, 
Eaker. 

Opening on the Rotunda 
Portico are the Rogers 
Bronze Doors; the subjects 
illustrate scenes in the ca- 
reer of Columbus : Colum- 
bus before the Council of 
Salamanca; Departure from 
the Convent of La Rabida; 
Audience before Ferdinand 
and Lsabella; Sailing from 
Palos on the First Voyage: 
Landing at San Salvador: 
First Encounter vith the 
Indians; Triumphal Entry 
into Barcelona; Columbus 
in Chains: His Death. 

The Rotunda Portico is the scene of the Inauguration; here the Presi- 
dent takes the oath of office and delivers the inaugural address. It 
v^as here that on JMarch 4, 1865, Lincoln delivered the Second Inaugural: 




THE ROGERS DOORS. 



"With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as 
Cod gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind 
up Ihe nation's wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his 
widow, and his orphan— to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting 
peace among ourselves and with all nations." 

From the Rotunda we pass into the National Statuary Hall. This 
is one of the most beautiful rooms of the Capitol. On the north side 
runs a colonnade of Potomac marble v^ith white capitals, and there is 
a screen of similar columns on the south. The domed ceiling is decor- 
ated after that of the Roman Pantheon. Above the door from the 
Hotunda is Franzoni's Clock. The design is of History with recording 
tablet, borne in the winged car of Time, its wheels supported on a 



10 



iVasJnni:;toii the Heart of the Nation. 




NATIONAL STATT'ARV TTALL WEST SIDE. 



rjlobe circled by the Zodiac. Above the opposite door is the carved 
figure of Liberty Proclaiming Peace. The room was the old Hall of 
Representatives, where Webster, Clay and others debated. A plate in 
the floor marks the spot where John Quincy Adams was stricken with 
paralysis. In 1864 the room was set apart as a National Statuary Hall 
to which each State might send the statues of two of its distinguished 
citizens, ^^.lore than half the Strites have responded, and the statues over- 
tax the capacity of the room for their seemly setting. This condition is 
not without compensation, for in the crowded assemblage where the 
men of our own day touch elbows with those of the Revolution, we have 
a comprehensive view of the growth of the nation, and it is the more 
clearly seen that, though serving in different periods and in diverse ways, 
all those who are gathered here worked to the one common purpose of 
the making of America. They won the liberties, established the privileges 
and enlarged the opportunities v/hich are ours. Tf we recall the individual 
records of their contribution to the Republic, we shall find Statuary Hall 
cue of the most interesting and stimulating rooms in the Capitol. The 
memorials contributed by the several States are : 

Alabama. — J. T.. ^J. Curry— Educator. Arkansas.— U. M. Rose— Jurist. 
Connecticut. — Roger Sherman — Signer Declaration, Continental Con- 
gress, U. S. Congress and Senate. Jonathan Trumbull — Governor Col- 
ony, leader Revolution; original "Brother Jonathan," so named by 
Washington. Florida. — John Gorrie — Inventor artificial refrigeration 



WasJiingtoii the Heart of the Nation. 



II 




ATI -\kV HALL 



(ICS51). E. Kirb}- Smith. Idaho. — George L. Shonp — Senator. Illinois. — 
James Shields — Senator, General Civil War. Frances E. Willard — Presi- 
dent National W. C. T. U. Founder World's W. C. T. U. Indiana.— 
Oliver P. Morton — Governor, Senator. Lew Wallace — General Civil 
War, Author. Iowa. — James Harlan — Senator. J. S. Kirkwood — Gov- 
ernor. Kansas. — John J. Ingalls — Senator. John Glick — Governor. 
Maine. — William King — First Governor. INIaryland. — Charles Carroll 
of Carrollton — Signer Declaration. Senator. John Hanson — President 
Continental Congress. Massachusetts. — Samuel Adams — Revolutionary 
patriot. John Winthrop — First Governor Colony. Michigan. — Lewis 
Cass — General War of 1812, Governor, Secretary of War, Senator, 
Secretary of State. Zachariah Chandler — Senator. Minnesota. — 
Alexander Ramsey — Governor, Senator, Secretary of War. Henry 
]\lower Rice — Senator. IMissoi'rt.- — Francis P. Blair — Congress, Gen- 
eral Civil War. Thomas Benton — Senator. New Hampshire. — 
John Stark — Revolutionary hero. Daniel Webster — Statesman, 
Orator, "The Great Expounder of the Constitution." New Jersey.^ — 
Richard Stockton — Continental Congress, Signer Declaration. Philip 
Kearney — iMajor-General Civil War. New York. — Robert R. Livingston 
— Continental Congress, Committee to draft Declaration, Minister to 
France. George Clinton — Continental Congress, General Revolution, 
First Governor, Vice-President. North Carolina. — Zebulon B. Vance — • 
Senator, Governor. Ohio. — James A. Garfield — }\lajor-General Civil 



12 



Washington the Heart of the Nation. 




THE HALL OF REPRESENTATIVES. 



War, Congress, President. William Allen — Congress, Senator, Gov- 
ernor. Oklahoma. — Sequoya (George Guess) — Inventor Cherokee 
Alphabet. Pennsylvania. — J. P. G. Aluhlenberg — ]\lajor-General Revo- 
lutionary War, Congress, Senator. Robert Fulton — Built first successful 
steamboat, the Clermont (1807). Rhode Island. — Nathaniel Greene — 
Commander Southern Army, Revolutionary War. Roger Williams — 
Founder Colony, Apostle religious liberty. South Carolina. — John 
C. Calhoun — Congress, Secretary War, Vice-President, Senator, Secre- 
tary State. Tennessee. — John Sevier — Pioneer and Indian fighter. Gen- 
eral Revolutionary War, Congress, Governor. Andrew Jackson — Gen- 
eral, Governor, Congress, Senate, President. Texas. — Stephen F. Aus- 
tin — Founder Texas. Sam Houston — Leader Texas revolution, Presiden": 
Republic, Senator, Governor. Vermont. — Ethan Allen — Hero of Ticon- 
deroga. Jacob Collamer — Congress. Senator. Virginia. — George Wash- 
ington. Replica of the Houdon statue in the Capitol at Richmond. Rob- 
ert E. Lee — Mexican War, commanded Army of Northern Virginia in 
Civil War. — West Virginia. — John E. Kenna — Senator. Francis H. 
Pierpont — "Father of West Virginia." Wisconsin. — James Marquette — 
Pere Marquette, with Louis Joliet discovered Mississippi River (1673). 
The Hall of Representatives is the largest legislative chamber in the 
world. It is T^Qft. in length with a width of 93ft. and a height of 30ft. 
It is lighted by a ceiling of glass panels in which are painted the Arms 
of the States. The Speaker's desk of white marble is in the center of 



Washington the Heart of the Nation. 



13 




THE SUPREME COURT ROOM. 



the south side, and before it are the desks of the clerks and official re- 
porters. On the right is the Sergeant-at-Arms and on the left is the 
Assistant Doorkeeper. The Mace at the right of the desk, is the 
symbol of the Speaker's authority; it is a bundle of ebony rods, bound 
together with ligaments of silver, and having a silver globe surmounted 
by a silver eagle. The paintings are full-length portraits of Washing- 
ton and Lafayette; they were presented by Lafayette. A fresco pic- 
tures Washington at Yorktown declining overtures from Cornwallis. 
Over the main entrance is the House Clock. Opening off from the hall 
are the House Lobby and the Members' Retiring Rooms. Here are land- 
scapes: Discovery of the Hudson by Henry Hudson in 1609, and Viz- 
caino at Monterey in 1601. On the walls are portraits of Speakers. 

From the corridors stairways of Tennessee marble lead to the House 
galleries. Facing the East Stairway is Powers' statue of Thomas Jefferson. 
Above the first landing hangs Carpenter's First Reading of the Einaiicipa- 
iion Proclamation before the Cabinet. Sept. 22, 1862. The portraits, be-- 
ginning at the left, are: Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War; Salmon 
P. Chase, Secretary of the Treasury; President Lincoln; Gideon Welles, 
Secretary of the Navy; William H. Seward, Secretary of State; Caleb 
B. Smith, Secretary of the Interior; Montgomery Blair, Postmaster- 
General; Edward Bates, Attorney-General. In the corridor above are 



14 



Washiuiiton the Heart of the Nation. 




THE SENATE CHAMBER. 



portraits of Gunning Bedford (of the Continental Congress), Charles 
Carrol! (a signer of the Declaration) and Henry Clay. At the foot of the 
West Stairway is a hronze bust of the Chippewa Chief, Be-She-Ke. 
On the wall of the landing is Lcutzc's painting, Wcstzvard Ho! which has 
for its legend Bishop Berkeley's line. "Westward the star of empire takes 
its way." The scene is of a train of pioneers crossing the Rocky Moun- 
tains. Below is Bierstadt's Golden Gate; and in the borders are portraits 
of Daniel Boone, the pioneer of the Southwest, and Capt. Wm. Clark, of 
the Lewis and Clark Expedition to the Columbia, 1803-6. In the upper 
corridor hangs a portrait of Chief Justice Marshall. 

Opening on the House Portico are the Bronze Doors designed by 
Crawford and modeled by Rinehart. The subjects are: ^lassacre of 
Wyoming, Battle of Lexington, April 19, 1775. the beginning of the 
American Revolution; presentation of flags to Gen. William Moultrie for 
his defense of Sullivan's Island, Charleston Harbor, June 28, 1776; Death 
of General Montgomery, in the attack on Quebec, Dec. 31, 1775; the 
Battle of Lexington. April 19. 1775, the beginning of the American 
Revolution: presentation of flags to Gen. William Moultrie for his 
defense of Sullivan's Island. Charleston Harbor, June 28, 1776; Death of 
General Montgomery, in the attack on Quebec, Dec. 31, 1775; the 



1 6 Waslungioii iJic Heart of the A^ at ion. 

Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776; Paris Treaty of Peace be- 
tween the United States and Great Britain, Sept. 3, 1783; Washington's 
Farewell to his officers, at New York, Dec. 4, 1783; Benjamin Franklin. 

In the Supreme Court Room a screen of Ionic columns of Potomac 
marble forms a loggia, in front of wliich is the Bench, of the Supreine 
Court. The Chair of the Chief Justice is in the center; those of the 
Associates are on either side. About the walls is a series of busts of 
former Chief Justices : John Jay, John Rutledge, Oliver Ellsworth, John 
JNIarshall, Robert B. Taney, Salmon B, Chase, ^Morrison R. Waite. 

The Senate Chamber is 113ft. in length, 82ft. in width, and is lighted 
by a ceiling 36ft. above the floor. The glass of the ceiling is filled with 
symbolisms of War, Peace, Union, Progress, the Arts, Sciences, and 
Industries. In wall niches are busts of the Vice-Presidents (Presidents 
of the Senate), and the series is continued in the various halls. In the 
main corridors are portraits of Washington, John Adams, Patrick 
Henry, Thomas Jefferson, Daniel Webster, Henry Clay, John C. Cal- 
houn, Charles Sumner, W. B. Allison. There is here a mahogany hall 
clock which has been in the Capitol since 1S03; its seventeen stars were 
for the seventeen States of that time. Connected with the Senate 
Chamber are the President's Room, Vice-President's Room, Senators* 
Reception Room, Public Reception Room, and Room of the Committee 
on the District of Columbia. The President's Room is set apart for 
his use, and is the one to which he comes in the closing hours of the 
session to sign the last bills before adjournment. It is decorated with 
portraits of President Washington and his first cabinet — Jefferson, Hamilton, 
Knox, Randolph and Osgood; allegories of Liberty, Religion, Legisla- 
tion and Executive Authority; and portraits of Columbus (with em- 
blems of Discovery), Americus Vespucius (Exploration), William 
Brewster (Religion), and Benjamin Franklin (Llistor^O- There is a 
bronze bust of McKinley. The Vice-President's Room contains Rem- 
brandt Peale's portrait of Washington, a bust of Vice-President Henry 
S.Wilson, and a portrait of Lafayette S. Foster, acting Vice-President in 
Johnson's time. The Senators' Reception Room is known as the INlarble 
Room because constructed wholly of that material. It has Corinthian 
columns of Italian marble, walls of Tennessee marble, and ceiling of 
marble from Vermont. There is here a bust of Lincoln. In the 
Public Reception Room is a painting of President Washington in con- 
sultation with Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State, and Alexander 
Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury. In the vaulted ceiling are alle- 
gories of War, Peace, Liberty, Plenty, Power, Temperance, Prudence 
and Justice. The Room of the Committee on the District of^ Columbia 
has ceiling frescoes of LTistory, Geography, Science and the Telegraph. 
The columns of the vestibule have tobacco leaf capitals, and at the 
cast stairway are corn-stalk columns with capitals of corn in the husk. 

The- Bronze Doors of the Senate vestibule were designed by Thomas 
Crawford. The panels commemorate the Death of Warren at Bunker 



Washington the Heart of the Nation. 



17 




THE SENATE OFFICE BUILmNG. 
Northeast of the Capitol. Southeast is the House Building. 

Hill, 1775; Washington's Rebuke of Gen. Charles Lee at Monmouth. 1778: 
Hamilton's Gallantry at Yorktown, 1781 ; Washington's Reception at 
Trenton, when on the way to his Inauguration as First President, 1789; 
Laying the Corner Stone of the Capitol, Sept. 18, 1793. 

At the foot of the East Stairway leading to the Senate galleries is 
Powers' statue of Benjamin Franklin, and on the walls of the landing is 
Powell's painting which pictures Coinmodore Perry in the Battle of 
Lake Erie (Sept. 13. 1813). transferring his colors from the disabled 
flagship Lawrence to the Niagara. In the corridor and halls are paint- 
ings: Heaton's Columbus Leaving La Rabida, Moran's Canyons of the 
Yellowstone and the Colorado. Gignoux's Niagara in Winter. Halsall's 
First Fight of the Iron-Clads (INIonitor and Merrimac, Hampton 
Roads, Va., i\Iarch 9, 1862), and IMrs. C. A. Fassett's Florida Case 
before the Electoral Commission (in the Senate Chamber, Feb. 5, 
1877L Four old paintings by John B. White picture Revolutionary 
incidents: Gen. Marion inviting a L'ri^-i.^h officer to a dinner of potatoes; 
Mrs. Motte preparing to fire her house; bergeants Jasper and Newton; 
Battle of Fort INloultrie, June 28, 1776. There are mosaic portraits of 
Abraham Lincoln and James A. Garfield, and one in oil of Gen. John 
A. Dix, with the flag as an accessory in allusion to Gen. Dix's historic' 
dispatch: 'Tf any one attempts to haul down the American flag, shoot 
him on the spot." Busts are here of Lincoln, Sumner. Crawford. Tyler, 
Garibaldi, Pulaski, Kosci-iszko, and a Chippewa Chief. At the base of 
the West Stairway is Story's statue of John Hancock. On the landing 
is Walker's Chapultepec. In the upper corridor is Peale's Washington. 



THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

The Library of Congress is on Capitol TTill, where the gilded dome is 
a conspicuous and pleasing feature of the Washington view. The white 
granite building covers almost three and a half acres. It was planned 
on a generous scale, for it houses one of the largest libraries in the 
world, and the collections are growing with the years. The exterior 
adornment is significant of its character as a treasure house of knowl- 
edge. The finial of the dome lantern is the Torch of Science. Over 
the windows are carved thirty-three heads, representing the races of 
men; and in the nine windows of the entrance pavilion are colossal 
portrait-busts in granite: Emerson and Irving, by Hartley; Goethe. 
Franklin and Alacaulay, by Ruckstuhl; Hawthorne, by Hartley; Scott, 
by Adams; Demosthenes and Dante, by Adams. Sculptures over the 
entrances by Bela L. Pratt typify Literature, Science and Art. 

The three entrances have bronze doors, of which the subjects are : 
Printing — By Frederick Macmonnies. Minerva presiding over the 
"Diffusion of the Products of the Typographical Art."' In the panels 
are idealizations of Intellect and Humanities. Writing — -By Olin L. 
Warner. A mother is instructing her children from the written record 
of the scroll. \n the panels are Truth and Research. Tradition — By 
Olin L. Warner. Tradition is typified by a woman reciting her story to 
a boy. The panels represent Imagination and ]\Iemory. 

Within the building, in the vestibule sculptured figures by Herbert 
Adams represent JNlinerva in her dual attributes as the patron of De- 
fensive War and of Wisdom and the Liberal Arts. 

The Central Stair Hai.l is a vision of splendor. The lofty rounded 
columns of polished marble with their Corinthian capitals, the arches 
carved with designs of exquisite finish and delicacy, the grand double 
staircase with its white marble balustrades, the vaulted ceiling 72ft. 
above the floor, and the walls of the corridors glowing with color, all 
combine to give an effect of surpassing beauty. Inlaid in brass in the 
floor the Points of the Compass radiate from a conventional sun sur- 
rounded by the Signs of the Zodiac. The Commemorative Arch has 
figures ot Students, by Warner. The newel posts of the staircases are 
surmounted by bronze lamp bearers, and on the railings, buttresses and 
balustrades are carved figures by Martiny. In the cove of the ceiling are 
Martiny's flying half-figures, lamp and book: and the names of authors. 
Throughout the building on walls and ceilings are inscribed quotations, 
all of which are given in the chapter devoted to the Library in the 
Washington Standard Guide. There is everywhere a wealth of symbolism. 
The Printers' ?ilarks are the distinctive symbols used by printers and 
publishers to distinguish their work. 

South Hall. — In the South Hall H. O. Walker celebrates Poetry in 
a panel devoted to Lvric Poetry, and six panels of Poets' Boys, ideals 

18 



20 IVashiugton the Heart of the Nation. 

of youthful subjects of the poets: Emerson's Uriel. Wordsworth's 
Boy of Winander. Alilton's Comus. Shakespeare's Adonis. Keats' 
Endymion. Tennyson's Ganymede. In the west wall are Joy and ^Memory. 

In the South Curtain Corridor are Walter McEwen's Greek Heroes: 
Paris at the Court of AJenelaiis. Theseus deserting the sleeping Ari- 
adne. Prometheus warning his brother against Pandora. Hercules 
holding the distaii for Omphale. Achilles disguised as a girl discovered 
by Ulysses. Bellerophon presented by INlinerva with the bridle of 
Pegasus. Perseus with the Gorgon"s head. Jason enlisting the Argo- 
nauts for quest of the Golden Fleece. Orpheus slain by the Bacchantes. 

In the Representatives' Reading Room are Frederick Dielman's mosaic 
mantels, Law and History. In the ceiling paintings by Carl Gutherz, 
represent the seven primary colors in a Pictorial Spectrum of Light. 

East Hall. — Six paintings by John W. Alexander present The Evolu- 
tion of the Book. The series comprises: (i) The Cairn — a heap of 
stones erected as a memorial b}^ prehistoric man. (2) Oral Tradition — 
an Oriental story-teller. (3) Hieroglyphics chiseled on an Egyptian 
tomb. (4) The Pictograph or picture writing of the American Indian. 
(5; The Manuscript of the Middle Ages. (6) The Printing Press. 

Reading Room Lobby. — Five panels by Elihu Vedder symbolize the 
Government of the Republic. They are: Government. Good Adminis- 
tration. Peace and Prosperity. Corrupt Legislation. Anarchy. 

North FIall. — A series of six panels by Charles Sprague Pearce de- 
pict The Family, with Religion, Labor, Study, Recreation and Rest. 

North Curtain Corridor. — Nine paintings by Edward Simmons are 
idealizations of the Nine Muses, with their attributes. 

Tlie Second Floor. 

In the North Hall of the second floor the most striking decorations 
are George W. Maynard's paintings of floating female figures, in the 
Pompeiian style, on a vermilion ground, symbolizing the Virtues. 
Fortitude is armor-clad. Justice supports a globe, and holds a drawn 
sword. Industry's emblems are the spindle, distafif and flax. Concordia, 
with olive branch, pours from a cornucopia grains of wheat symbolic 
of the prosperity of peace. Over the doors are Robert Reid's paintings 
of Wisdom (with tablet). Understanding (with scroll). Knowledge 
(with book), and Philosophy. In the ceiling Robert Reid idealizes the 
Senses. Over the windows are Perry's Sibyls of Greece and Persia. 

In the East Corridor ceiling female figures by George R. Barse, Jr., 
personify the departments of Literature. In the ceiling panels, W. A. 
Mackay has for his theme the Thread of Life spun by the Three Fates. 
On the walls are portraits of Prescott and Audubon. 

]\Iinerva. — From the east corridor a stairway ascends to the balcony 
of the reading room: on the wall of the landing is Elihu Vedder's 
mosaic of Minerva, the Goddess of Wisdom. 




THE CENTRAL STAJR HALL. 



22 Washington the Heart of the Nation. 

On the South Corridor walls are Maynard's Virtues: Patriotism sup- 
ports on her arm the American eagle, which she is feeding from a 
golden bowl. Courage, wearing a casque, is equipped with sword and 
buckler. Temperance pours water from a pitcher. Prudence has for 
symbols the mirror and the serpent. The Seasons are personified in 
paintings by F. W. Benson. In the ceiling panels are the Graces by F. W. 
Benson. Above the window are Perry's Roman Sibyl and Northern Sibyl. 

The West Corridor ceiling decorations are W^alter Shirlaw's Sciences. 

In the Southwest Gallery Kenyon Cox pictures the Arts and the 
Sciences. The ceiling medallions by VV. B. Van Ingen typify Painting, 
Architecture and Sculpture. 

In the Southwest Pavilion George W. Maynard celebrates the Dis- 
covery and Settlement of America in four allegories of Adventure, Dis- 
covery, Conquest, and Civilization. In the ceiling are Courage, Valor, 
Fortitude and Achievement, idealized in woman's form. In sculptures 
by Bela L. Pratt the Seasons are symbolized. In the Southeast Pavilion 
R. L. Dodge and E. F. Garnsey symbolize the Four Elements. In the 
Northwest Gallery Gari Melchers represents War and Peace. In 
the Northwest Pavilion are W. L. Dodge's Art. Literature, Music, and 
Science. In the Northeast Pavilion are paintings by Garnsey and Van 
Ingen of the Seals of the United States and the Executive Departments. 

The Reading Room is in the great Central Rotunda. The entrance for 
those who use the 'Library is from the Central Stair Hall on the first 
floor. The Visitors' Gallery is reached by the stairway from the East 
Corridor on the second floor. The room is of imposing dimensions, 
looft. in diameter and 125ft. in height, the pillars 40ft. high, the windows 
32ft. wide. The richness of the color effect lies in the marbles, of which 
the dark are from Tennessee, the red from Numidia, and the shades 
of yellow from Siena. The stucco ornaments of the dome are in old 
ivor}^ — Martiny's female figures supporting cartouches; Weinert's 
winged half-figures; v;inged boys with wreaths and garlands, torches, 
lamps, swans, eagles, dolphins and arabesques. 

The Symbolical Statues. — Upon the eight piers are female figures of 
colossal stature. Complementing these are bronze statues of characters 
distinguished in the several fields of learning and achievement. The two 
series of symbolical and portrait statues are : 

Religion (by Baur). Moses (by Niehaus) and St. Paul (by Donoghue). 

Commerce (Flanagan). Columbus' (Bartlett). Fulton (Potter). 

History (French). Herodotus (French). Gibbon (Niehaus). 

Art (St. Gaudens-Dozzi). Michaelangelo (Bartlett). Beethoven (Baur). 

Philosophy (by Pratt). Plato and Bacon (by Boyle). 

Poetry (Ward). Homer (St. Gaudens). Shakespeace (Macmonnies). 

Law (Bartlett). Solon (R.ickstuhl). Kent (Bissell). 

Science (by Donoghue). Newton (by DalHn), Henry (by Adams). 



JVashinefoii the Heart of the Nation. 



23 




THE MUSE OF LYRIC POETRY. 

In the Collar of the Dome, which is 150ft. in circumference, E. H. 
Blashfield symbolizes the nations and epochs which have contributed 
to the world's advance in the Progress of Civilization, The series 
begins with Egypt, wliich gave Written Records. Judea — Religion. Greece 
— Philosophy. Rome — Administration. Islam — Physics. Middle Ages — 
Modern Languages. Italy — Fine Arts. Germany — Printing. Spain — Dis- 
covery. England — Literature. France — Emancipation. America — Science. 

In the Crown of the Lantern Mr. Blashfield has painted The Human 
Understanding, in the allegorical figure of a woman floating among 
clouds, and attended by two children genii. With uplifted gaze she is 
looking from finite human achievement, as indicated in the fresco of 
Civilization below, to the infinite, which is beyond. 

The Windows. — The decoration of the windows by H. T. Schladermundt 
is a composition of the arms of the LTnion and of the States. 

The Clock, by John Flanagan, is of marble and bronze; the details 
are Signs of the Zodiac, Flight of Time, Seasons, Day and Night. 

The Collections. — The Library contained on Tune 30, 1917: Books, 
2,5.^7,922. Maps and charts, i5S.4(So. Music (volumes and pieces), 795,749. 
Prints (pieces), 397,945- There are thousands of manuscripts. 




the seasons. by F. W. BENSON. 



THE WHITE HOUSE 



The Executive Mansion, or White House, the Home of the Presi- 
dent, is on Pennsylvania avenue at Sixteenth street. The familiar 
picture is of the north front with the portico of Ionic columns as seen 
from the avenue; and another much-admired view is of the south front, 
with the colonnaded balcony overlooking the President's Grounds and 
the Mail. On the east is the public entrance through a colonnade; and 
the executive offices are on the west. The building is of Virginia free- 
stone; it is 170ft. in length and 86ft. in depth; there are two principal 
stories, with basement and attic. This was the first public building 
erected here; President Washington laid the cornerstone in 1792; 
President John Adams was the first occupant in 1800; and his suc- 
cessors have lived here. Thus the White House is associated with all 
the Presidents; and always the House has stood for the man. In 
political parlance, "The White House"' means the President, his policies 
and acts; in the Civil War it meant Lincoln; in the World War it means 
Wilson. To-day the whole world is looking to the White House. 

in peace times the several State apartments are open to visitors, 
and the tourist counts the visit to the White House as one of the most 
pleasant incidents of the Washington experience. Unnumbered thou- 









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THE PRESIDENT S OFFICES, 
24 



26 



Washington the Heart of the Nation, 




THE EAST ROOM. 

sands have crossed its threshold; the White House is familiar to more 
people than any other house in America; and for it, even more perhaps 
than for the Capitol, we have a feeling of personal ownership as of a 
national possession belonging to us all. 

The public entrance admits to the basement corridor, on the walls of 
which are hung portraits of the mistresses of the White House — Ange- 
lica Singleton Van Buren, Mrs. Tyler, Mrs. Polk, Mrs. Hayes, Mrs. 
Harrison, Mrs. Roosevelt. There are busts of Columbus. Vespucci, 
Martin Van Buren and John Bright. Exhibition cases display ex- 
amples of the china used by different administrations. 

Tre East Room, or State Parlor, is a magnificent apartment 40ft. 
wide, 82ft. in length, and with a ceiling 22ft. high, from which depend 
three crystal chandeliers. The four carved mantels are surmounted by 
mi^-rors. The decorations are in white and gold, with window draperies 
of old gold. The two royal bine Se'.-res vases were presented to Presi- 
dent McKinley by the President of the Erench Republic in commem- 
oration of the laying of the Erench-American cable. There are busts 
of Washington, Eranklin, Jefferson and Lincoln. The President's re- 
ceptions are held in this room. 

The State Dining Room is paneled in English oak, and decorated with 



Washington the Heart of the Nation. 



27 




THE STATE DINING ROOM. 



heads of American big game. An o'd Flemish tapestrj^ pictures a 
country scene, with a verse irom Virgil in praise of hunting. The 
Dining Room is the scene of the State Dinners. 

The several rooms on this floor take their names from the decorative 
color schemes. The Blue Room is the President's reception room. The 
walls are covered with blue corded silk, and the window hangings are 
blue with golden stars. On the mantel is the clock of gold presented 
by Napoleon I. to Lafayette and by him to Washington. The Green 
Room has green velvet walls with white enamel wainscoting. There 
is here the lacquer cabinet presented by Japan in 1858, when American 
ships first entered Japanese ports. The portraits are of Presidents John 
Adams, John Quincy Adams, Jackson, Tyler, W. H. Harrison, Van 
Buren, Pierce. Buchanan, Lincoln, Hayes. The Red Room walls and 
window draperies are of red velvet. A cabinet contains Japanese dolls 
presented to Mrs. Roosevelt by the Japanese Minister. There are por- 
traits of Washington, Martha Washington (by Andrews), Presidents 
Jefferson, Polk and Benjamin Harrison. The President's Room and 
the Cabinet Room are in the Executive Office extension. 

The White House overlooks the beautiful park to which in the early 
days a grateful nation gave the name of Lafayette, as France has just 
given to a street in Paris the name of Wilson. W^ith its venerable trees, 
many monurnents and surrounding homes rich in historical associa- 
tions. Lafayette Square is the most interesting of all Washington parks. 



THE TREASURY 



The Treasury, at Pennsylvania avenue and 15th street, is housed in a 
building of sandstone and granite, having a total length of 450ft. and a 
width of 25ott. The east front on 15th street, is adorned with a 
colonnade of Ionic columns, and on the north, west and south fronts 
are porticos of similar columns. The building is of the monumental 
type; the immense proportions and the massiveness of construction arc 
reassuring; they give a grateful sense of confidence and security in 
these times when the demands on the Treasury of the United States 
stagger the imagination. 

The Cash Room is near the Pennsylvania avenue entrance, on the first 
floor. The walls are of choice American and Italian marbles, and the 
room, is one of the costliest in the world. As the name denotes, the 
Cash Room is a cashier's office. Here the Treasury cashes the various 
warrants drawn upon it and presented here for payment. The daily 
transactions run into the millions. 

Of the several functions of the Treasury Department, the one which 
most interests the visitor in Washington is the manufacture and dis- 
tribution oi currency; and in normal peace times we may visit the 
several branches and witness many of the successive steps in the print- 
ing, stampmg and counting of the notes, and see the provision for the 




HIE BUREAU OF ENGRAVING AND PRINTING. 

2b 



30 Washington the Heart of the Nation. 

safe-keeping of currency and coin. The notes are engraved and printed 
in the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, where also are prepared all 
the Government securities, including Liberty Bonds; revenue and post- 
age stamps, and W. S. S:; commissions, passports and other docu- 
ments. The Bureau, at 14th and C streets southwest, is a huge factory 
building. The fagade, adorned with stone columns, is more than 500 
feet in length, the depth of the main building and wings is 295 feet, 
and the total floor space approximates 476,700 square feet. In plan, 
construction, equipment, adaptation to its special purpose, conditions 
making- for efficiency, and provision for the comfort of employees, the 
Bureau embodies the most advanced prmciples of the day. 

STATE, WAR AND NAVY BUILDING 

The State, War and Navy Building is on Pennsylvania avenue, west 
of the White House. With a frontage of 342ft. and a depth of 565ft., 
the four-storied granite structure ranks with the large and magnificent 
office buildings of the world. It has 500 rooms and two miles of marble 
halls. The War Department occupies the west wing, the Navy De- 
partment the east wing, and the State Department the south. The 
main entrance to all of these is from Pennsylvania avenue. In the cor- 
ridors and ante-rooms are series of portraits of former Secretaries. 
In the upper hall of the War Department are shown models of the 
uniform of the Army at various periods; among the groups is one 
which represent.^3 the dress of Washington's Life Guard, formed in 
1776. In the Navy corridors are models of war vessels. 

The State Library on the third floor contains many national heir- 
looms. Chief among these is a fac-simile of the Declaration of Independence. 
Near the fac-simile hangs the original of Thomas Jefferson's first draft 
of the instrument, in his hand, with interlineations by Franklin and John 
Adams. Jefferson's desk on which he wrote the Declaration is also here. 
The original of the Declaration and of Washington's commission as Com- 
mander-in-Chief are preserved in the safe. Among the other objects are: 
The Szuovd of WasJiington. — The sword was among the four bequeathed by 
Washington to his nephews; this one was chosen by Samuel Washington. 
•who willed it to his son. Samuel T. Washington, by whom it was pre- 
sented to Congress in 1843. There are also shown some of Washington's 
Diaries. The Staff of Franklin. — Franklin bequeathed it to Washington. 
It was presented to Congress by Samuel T. Washington. There are also 
buttons from Franklin's dress coat. The Great Seal of the United States 
is shown in wax replica. Hull Relics. — A silver set. presented by citizens of 
Philadelphia, 1812, to Capt. Isaac Hull, commander of the American frigalc 
Constitution, in commemoration of his victory of Aug. 19, 1812, when he 
destroyed the British man-of-war Guerriere. Also a brace of pistols and 
a sword, presented to him by Connecticut for a similar memorial. 



THE SEVENTEENTH STREET GROUP 

The Corcoran Gallery of Art is on Seventeenth street, southwest of 
the State Department. On Tuesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays, Sundays 
and Holidays admission is free, other daj^s 25 cents. 

The Gallery was founded and endowed by William W. Corcoran, as a 
gift to the public, "for the perpetual establishment and encouragement 
of the Fine Arts." The building is of Georgia white marble. In the frieze 
below the cornice are carved the names of painters and sculptors — 
Phidias, Giotto, Diirer, Michaelangelo, Raphael, Velasquez, Rembrandt, 
Rubens, Reynolds, Allston, Ingres. The lions at the doorway are 
copies of those by Canova, which guard the Tomb of Clement XIII. in 
St, Peter's at Rome. The central hall or atrium is devoted to casts 
from ancient and Renaissance sculpture, and other rooms on this floor 
contain original marbles, casts, bronzes and other collections. The 
grand staircase leads to the second-story atrium. * Thirty fluted columns 
of white marble support the immense skylight. The walls are hung with 
paintings. The gallery may be seen intelligentlj'^ only with the catalogue, 
which may be purchased at the entrance. 

Among the casts of ancient sculpture are those of the Frieze and 
Pediments of the Parthenon, the Venus of Melos, the Discobolus or 
Quoit-thrower, Venus de Medici, ]\Iinerva, Laocoon, Dying Gala- 
tian (commonly called the Dying Gladiator), Apollo Belvidere, 
Torso of Hercules, Boy Extracting a Thorn from his Foot, 




THE CORCORAN GALLERY. 
32 



34 



IVasJiington the Heart of the Nation, 




MEMORIAL CONTINENTAL HALL. 



Hermes with Infant Dionysos, Galatian and his Wife, Nike from 
Samothrake, Boxer Resting, Thalassa and Gaia, Ariadne Deserted, Jason. 
Among the Renaissance subjects are a cast of one of the Ghiberti doors 
of the Baptistry at Florence, Donatello's David with the Head of Goliath, 
the bust of Michaelangelo's colossal statue of David, the mask of 
Moses, reduced copies of Day, Night, Dawn, and Twilight, from the 
Tomb of the Medici family, and the Slaves for the Julius monument. 
Luca della Robbia is represented by the Singing Boys. The most cele- 
brated of the marbles are Vincenzo Velas' Last Days of Napoleon I., 
and the Greek Slave, by Hiram Powers. The Barye Room contains a 
series of Barye bronzes. There are exhibits of Cloisonne, porcelains 
and glass, and reproductions of antiques. 

The American Red Cross Building is on Seventeenth street, between 
the Corcoran Gallery and the Memorial Continental Hall. On the portico 
is Inscribed the dedication: "Tn Memory of the Heroic Women of the 
Civil War." The Women's Relief Corps of the North joined with the 
Daughters of the Confederacy of the South to provide the stained-glass 
windows which represent the Northern and Southern organizations and 
the American Red Cross. The assembly room is entirely in white with 




\ 



36 lVosJiiji!^toji the Heart of the Nation. 

crimson hangings, the colors of the society. This is the official home 
and headquarters of the American Red Cross. 

The ATemgrial Continental Hall, on Seventeenth street, is the home 
of the National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. 
The building, of white marble, and the furnishings cost $700,000. It has 
been described as "Colonial in motif, Corinthian in treatment, American 
in material, up-to-date in details, and twentieth century in convenience." 
The thirteen columns of the southern portico commemorate the Thir- 
teen States; and the three pairs of bronze doors were given by the 
Massachusetts, Connecticut and Virginia Chapters; the keystones by the 
Philadelphia Chapter. The several rooms, assigned to different chapters 
of the Society, coitain many notable objects of historical interest. 
Visitors are conducted through the building by an official guide. 

The Pan-American Union Building, on 17th street, between B and C, 
ranks as one of the most beautiful public buildings in the world. It 
was erected at a cost of $1,000,000, which was contributed by ]\Ir. An- 
drew Carnegie and by the republics formirig the Union. The Union is 
an international organization maintained by the twenty-one American 
republics, including Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa 
Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Haiti, Hon- 
duras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama. Paraguay, Peru, Salvador, United 
States, Uruguay and Venezuela. It is devoted to the development and 
conservation of commerce, iriendly intercourse and good understand- 
ing among them. The present Director-General is John Barrett. 

On the marble exterior are heroic groups representing North America 
and South America, with bas-relief panels representing Washington's 
Farewell, and the meeting of Bolivar and San Martin at Guayaquil. The 
vestibule opens into a typical Latin-American patio, with a fountain. 
Around the walls are the names of famous men in Pan-American history. 
In the rear of the patio is a wide corridor, which is used for exhibits of 
the products of the Latin American countries, while still further back is 
the main reading room and reference library of the Union. This con- 
tains a large relief map of Latin America, which is one of the largest of 
the kind in the world and gives an excellent impression of the size and the 
physical features of the republics lying to the south of the United States. 
On the second floor is the Gallery of National Standards and Patriots. 
Suspended from the ceiling are the flags of all the American republics. 
On either side of this and along the walls of the galleries are busts of 
patriots and heroes. The large assembly hall, or auditorium, known as 
The Hall of the Americas, is said to be the most beautiful room of its 
kind in the United States, In the grounds west of the building is the 
Aztec Garden, with its pool, over which presides a figure of heroic size, 
enlarged from the famous "Sad Indian," the most prized relic of the 
Aztecs. 



THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT 

THE LINCOLN MEMORIAL 

The Monument is a shaft of white marble rising from an elevation on 
the Mall near the Potomac. A stairwaj^ of 900 steps leads to the top. 
An elevator carries visitors Avithont charge. The IMonument is an 
obelisk. The height from floor of entrance to tip is 555ft. 5>sin. It is 
the highest Work of masonry in the world. The shaft is 500ft. sys'm. 
in height, 55ft. square at the base, 34ft. at the top. The pyramidon (or 
pyramid-shaped section above) is 55ft. in height, and terminates in a 
pyramid of pure aluminum. The walls are 15ft. in thickness at the 
entrance, and taper to i8in. at the top of the shaft. The facing is of 
pure white marble from ^Maryland, the interior backing is of gneiss and 
New England granite. The foundation, of rock and cement, is 36ft. 
deep, 126ft. square. The cornerstone v/as laid in 1848; the finished 
work was dedicated in 1885. The cost v/as $1,300,003. In the inner 
face, seen from the landings of the stairway, are memorial stones 
which were contributed from various sources as tributes to Washing- 
ton. There are represented forty States and sixteen cities, lodges of 
Free Masons, Odd Fellows, Sons of Temperance, political organizations, 
debating societies, fire departments, public schools, oldest inhabitants. 
There are stones from Braddock's Field, the Battlefield of Long Island, 




THE SHERMAN MONUMENT. 

37 



38 



Washington the Heart of the Nation. 




THE LINCOLN MEMORIAL. 



Otter's Siimmii (Virginias' loftiest peak), the ruins of Carthage, the 
Temple of ^sculapius — Isle of Paros, Vesuvius, the Alexandrian 
Library in Egypt, the Tomb of Napoleon at St. Helena, the Parthenon, 
the Chapel of William Tell. Other foreign countries -epresented are 
Turkey, Japan, China, Siam, Brazil and the Cherokee Nation. On the 
aluminum tip is inscribed "Laus Deo." At the height of 504-ft the 
walls are pierced with eight port-openings or windows, two in each face, 
which afford extensive views on every side. The Potomac may be fol- 
lov/ed for miles, and on a clear day one may discern in* the west the 
mountains of the Blue' Ridge in Virginia. 

The Lincoln Memorial is (1918) in course of construction in Potomac 
Park, on a site which is on the axis of the Capitol, the IMonument, and 
the proposed Washington-Arlington bridge. The design, by Henry- 
Bacon, is a rectangular structure of white marble, surrounded by Doric 
columns forty feet in height. There are thirty-six columns, representing 
the States constituting the Union at the time of Lincoln's death. Within 
will be a statue of l^incoln by Daniel C. French; and monumental 
tablets will contain in bronze letters the Second Inaugural, and the 
Gettysburg Address. 






r 



THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 



THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 

AND NATIONAL MUSEUM 

The Three Buildings occupied by the Smithsonian Institution and 
National J\[useum are situated on the Smithsonian grounds — that part 
of the Mall bounded by B street N. W., B street S. W., and Seventh 
and Twelfth streets. The Smithsonian Institution was established by 
Congress in 1846 through the generosity of James Smithson, an English- 
man, who, in 1829, bequeathed his entire property "to the United 
States of America to found at Washington, under the name of the 
Smithsonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion 
of knowledge among men," The Institution stimulates and encourages 
scientific investigation and study in various departments of knowledge, 
and carries on explorations and researches in different parts of the. 
world. The Smithsonian building is constructed of reddish brown 
sandstone; it is 447 by 160 feet, and the highest of its nine towers is 
145 feet. The old JMuseum building is 325ft. square, covering two and 
one-third acres. The new National Museum, erected at a cost of 
$3,500,000, is of white granite, four stories high, with a frontage of 561 
feet, a depth 01 365 feet. It houses the collections and laboratories of 
natural histor)% includmg geology, ethnology and archaeology, and tem- 




THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. 
40 



Washington the Heart of the Nation. 



41 




THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 

porarily are here the paintings belonging to the National Gallery of Art. 
The National Museum, whose collections now embrace several 
millions of specimens, is the depository of "all objects of art and of 
foreign and curious research, and of objects of natural history, plants 
and geological and mineralogical specimens belonging to the United 
States" The greater part of the zoological and botanical collections 
consists of material gathered by scientific bureaus of the Government 
and by expeditions under governmental auspices. The collections of 
all groups of animals are among the largest and most valuable to be 
found in any museum. The Herbarium comprises about a million 




THE 



NATIONAL MUSEUM (OLD BUILDING). 



42 



Washingiov. the Heart of the Nation. 




AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT BUILDING. 



specimens. The exhibits in archjeology illustrate early man in various 
countries, principally in America, including models of cliff-houses, 
pueblo ruins, Mexican temples and sculpture. Of special interest are 
the life-like groups of lay figures, models of villages, the Catlin Indian 
Gallery, and the totem poles from the Northwest. Technological ex- 
hibits illustrate the history of various inventions, such as the telegraph, 
telephone, sewing machine, cotton gin, weapons, flying machines and 
transportation. The original "John Bull" locomotive, the first auto- 
mobile, the Morse telegraph instruments, and the' Langley flying 
machines are e>,hibited. The historical collections contain personal 
relics and memorials of many of the Presidents and of scores of states- 
men, soldiers and others who have had a conspicuous part in the history of 
the country and the advancement of civilization. Among those of 
greatest popular interest are the Washington and Grant relics. A 
series of lay figures displays in artistic manner the actual costumes of 
the ladies of the White House, beginning with !\lrs. Washington. A 
cherished relic is the original flag which floated over Fort McHenry 
and inspired Key when he wrote "The Star-Spangled Banner." 

The National Gallery of Apt contains the Harriet Lane Johnston and 
William T. Evans collections. It also possesses a number of paintings 
from other sources, and has many loans constantly on exhibition. 

The Department of Agriculture buildings are in the IMall, a short dis- 
tance west of the Smithsonian. In the museum will be found an interest- 
ing display of various agricultural products, illustrating their growth 
and industrial and commercial treatment. 



PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE 

Pennsylvania Avenue is the historic street of Washington. It is one 
of the famous streets of the world. Seen from the Treasury it is a 
broad way, i6o feet in width, extending in a straight course to the foot 
of Capitol Hill; and beyond, the vista is closed by the Dome of the 
Capitol. Connecting the White House and the Capitol, the Avenue is the 
route of the Inaugural procession. It has been the scene of countless 
parades and reviews. The most memorable of these was the mustering 
out of the Union forces in Aiay, 1865, when for two days, the Army of 
the Potomiac through the first day and the Army of the Mississippi 
through the second, 250,000 in all, the marching hosts filed past the re- 
viewing stand, to break ranks, lay down their arms and return to their 
homes. Fifty years afterward, in 1915, Washington witnessed another 
heart-moving spectacle, when the Grand Army of the Republic gathered 
in reunion here, and the old soldiers, 10,000 strong, again passed down 
the Avenue which had seen their triumphal progress in '65. With these 
events of the past in memor3'-, one's imagination kindles at the thought 
of Pennsylvania Avenue reviews the future holds in store, when the 
boys come back from France. 

The public buildings on the Avenue or set in grounds skirted by it 
comprise the Library, Capitol, House Office Building, Post-Office De- 




THE PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE REVIEW OF MAY, 1865. 
From a photce-aph by Handy. 

43 



44 



Washington the Heart of the Nation. 




THE PEACE MONUMENT. 

By Franklin Simmnns. Provided by meiTil)ers of the Navy. "In memory of the 
Officers, Seamen and Marines of tlie United States Navy who fell in defense of the 
Union and Liberty of their Country. 1861-1865." The figures are of America weeping; 
History with record tablet; '-They died that their country might live"; Victory with 
laurel wreath, and Peace with olive branch. 



partmeiit, Municipal Buildinef, Treasury, White House, State, War and 
Navy, Department of Commerce, and Tnter-State Commerce Commission. 
The Avenue is adorned with monuments and statues. At the foot of 
Capitol Hill is the Peace monument fto commemorate the peace of 
1865), and nearhv is the Grant monument. At Seventh street are the 
G. A. R. memorial and the statue of Hancock: at Ninth street is the 
statue of Rawlins; at Tenth that of Franklin; at Thirteenth of Pulaski. 



Washiiii^ton the Heart of the Nation. 



45 




THE LAFAYETTE MEMORIAL. 

By the French sculptors Falquiere and Mercier. Provided hy Congress to commem- 
orate the services of Lafayette and other French officers in the cause of the Colonies. 
Lafayette is in the uniform of the Continental Army. America extends to him a 
sword. The figures are of Rochambeau, Duportail, D'Estaing and De Grasse. 



In the plaza of the Municipal Building is the statue of Alexander R. 
Shepherd, to whom in large measure we owe the development of Wash- 
ington as a place of beauty and charm. Beyond Fifteenth street is seen 
the Sherman monument. At Lafayette Square are the Lafayette and 
Rochambeau mnnur:ients. and the equestrian statue of Jackson. Still 
further west is the Mills equestrian statue of Washington, 



46 



Washington the Heart of the Nation. 




THE MUNICIPAL' BUILDING. 

The Municipal Building, or District Building, at 14th St., is the head- 
quarters of the Government of the District of Columbia. The District 
embraces an area of 69 square miles. Its affairs are administered by a 
board of three commissioners, two civilians appointed by the President, 
and one Array Engineer officer detailed by the Secretary of War. 






ANDREW JACKSON — LAFAYETTE SQUARE, 



48 



Washington the Heart of the Nation, 




THE POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 

Post Office Department. — With its immense bulk and lofty tower ris- 
ing 306 feet in air, the gray granite building of the Post Office Depart- 
ment at nth street is a dominating feature of the Avenue. "It has 
unique interest," says the Washington Standard Guide, "because here 
is the heart of the one department with which each one of us is in close 
and constant touch; and to the vast annual revenues of which, aggregat- 
ing hundreds of millions, we contribute our mites when we send home 
picture post-cards of this Washington building." In the interior court 
hanr^s a National flag which measures 62^/ by 36 feet. 



THE UNION STATION 

In the vast structure of the Union Station one finds at the very thresh- 
old of the city an impressive example of the architecture which gives 
character to Washington. The building is of magnificent proportions, 
exceeding the Capitol in dimensions. The length is 760 feet, and the 
width 343 feet. The exterior material is white granite from Bethel, Ver- 
mont. The building was designed by Daniel H. Burnham, and is of 
monumental character; the architect found his inspiration in the great 
triumphal arches of Rome. The ]\lain Waiting Room is 220 x 130 feet in 
area, with a height of 120 feet; the circular window in each end is 75 feet in 
diameter. The Passenger Concourse, 760 feet in length, is the largest 
room in the world under one roof. An army of 50,000 men could stand 
on its floor. At the southern end of the concourse, an arched doorway 
leads to the President's private waiting room. The Pennsylvania Rail- 
road and the Southern Railway and other roads from the South reach 
the new station through tvvin tunne's piercing Capitol Hill. In the plaza 
in front of the station is the Columbus fountain. 

The City Post-Office is west of the Union Station. The building is 
of white marble, and cost $3,000,000. Above the entrances are these 




UNION STATION CONCOURSE. 
49 



50 



IVashingtoii the Heart of the Nation. 




UNION STATION WAITING ROOM. 

characterizations of the mail service : "Carrier of news and knowledge, 
instrument of trade and industry, promoter of mutual acquaintance, of 
peace and good-will among men and nations." "]\Iessenger of sympathy 
and love, servant of parted friends, consoler of the lonely, bond of the 
scattered family, enlarger of common life." 



i 1 i i 



i i I i i 




THE CITY POST-OFFICE, 



HERE AND THERE IN WASHINGTON 

The Government Printing Office is at North Capitol and G streets. 
Government publications are printed here. It is the largest printing office 
in the world. Visitors are escorted from lo to 12 A. AI., and i to 2 P. M. 
The tour takes from one to two hours. The building is closed to 
visitors at 2 P. M. 

In the Navy Yard the Museum is shaded by a willow tree which was 
grown from a slip from one of the trees over the grave of Napoleon at 
St. Helena; it was brought home by Commodore Bainbridge and planted 
here. The Aluseum contains a collection of relics and of specimens 
illustrating different classes of ordnance, projectiles and naval equip- 
ments. On the grounds are many relics and trophies — guns captured by 
Decatur from Algiers and Tripoli, and taken in the wars of the Revolu- 
tion, 1812, Mexican and Civil. 

The Marine Band provides the music at all White House functions. 
During June, July, August and September, it gives concerts on Wednes- 
day at the Capitol, Thursday at the Marine Barracks, and Saturday 
at the White House, beginning an hour and a half before sunset. 

The Naval Observatory, on the heights north of Georgetown, is con- 
ducted by the Bureau of Navigation. It has a 26-inch telescope. 

The Pension Office is in Judiciary Square at F and Fourth streets. 
The red brick building is 200 by 400 feet. Around the outer wall runs a 




THE government PRINTING OFFICE. 
52 



Washington the Heart of the Nation. 



53 




THE PENSION BUREAU. 



terra-cotta frieze depicting the several branches of the service on march 
and reminiscent of scenes of the Civil War. Within is one vast court, 
75 feet in height, unbroken to the roof of iron and glass. Here is 
conducted the business of the Pension Bureau. The files contain hun- 
dreds of thousands of documents relating to the individual pensioners. 

The Department of the Interior building, at F, G, 7th and 9th streets, 
is popularly called the Patent Ofiice. The F street front has a portico of 
Doric columns, after those of the Parthenon. One visits the building 
only on business. The patent models have been dispersed to the National 
iMuseum and other places. The new home of the Department of the 
Interior is in a modern office building at i8th and F streets. 

Societies.^ — Grand Army of the Republic — 1412 Pennsylvania avenue. 
INIasonic Temple — 13th and N. Y. avenue. Scottish Rite Temple— i6th 
and S. Odd Fellows' Hall — 7th, between D and E. Scientific Societies 
have headquarters at 1518 H, home of the Cosmos Club. 

The Temple of the Scottish Rite, at i6th and S streets, is the national 
home of the Supreme Council of the Southern Jurisdiction of the Scot- 
tish Rite in America. 

Cemeteries. — The' Congressional Cemetery, on the Eastern Branch 
north of the Navy Yard, contains graves of members of Congress, offi- 
cers of the Army ayd other public men. In Oak Hill, on Georgetown 
Heights, is the grave of John Howard Payne, author of "Home, Sweet 
Home." In Rock Creek Cemetery, near the Soldiers' Home, are the 



54 



Washijio^toj} the Heart of the Nation. 




THE PATENT OFFICE. 

bronze statues Memory by Partridge, and tlie unnamed statue by Saint 
Gaudens at the grave of Mrs. Henry Adams. 
The Arlington Wireless Towers of the Naval Radio Station are be- 







THE NEW HOME OF THE INTERIOR DEPARTMENT. 



Washington the Heart of the Nation, 



55 




THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE. 



yoncl the Potomac, on tlie Virginia heights, near the Arlington Ceme- 
tery. There are three tovvers, one 600 feet in height (800 from the sur- 
face of the river), the others 450 feet. This is the most powerful wire- 
less station in the world. Communication is had with jNIare Island, Key 
West, U. S. Stations in the West Indies, and with the Eiffel Tower in 
Paris. At 10 o'clock every night the Washington time is Hashed north, 
south, east and west, over the country by the Arlington wireless. 

Fort Myer, on the heights of Virginia, opposite Washington, is the 
most important Army post near Washington. The route is by Wash- 
ington-Virginia Railway from 12th street and Pennsylvania avenue. 

Georgetown. — Georgetown, three miles west from the Capitol, is 
reached by the Pennsylvania avenr.e or F street cars. The city antedates 
the founding- of Washington and is the seat of Georgetown College. 

The Soldiers' Home, on the heights two miles north of the Capitol, 



S6 



VVashiiigton iJic Heart of the Nation. 




THE SCOTT BUTT.mNG — SOT.DTRRS HOME. 



was established in 1851 for the benefit of men honorably discharged 
from the regular army after twenty years of service or disabled b}'- 
wounds or disease. The Home was suggested by General Winfield 
Scott and was established through his efforts. The Scott Building 
with its Norman tower was named for him as founder, and in the 
grounds is a bronze statue of him by Launt Thompson. Othe; build- 
ings of the group are named for General Philip H. Sheridan, General 
William T. Sherman, and Surgeon B. King, who " was stationed here. 
The Anderson building, named for General Robert Anderson (the 
Colonel Anderson of Fort Sumter fame) is also known as the Presi- 
dent's Cottage, because several of the Presidents have spent the sum- 
mer months here. Near the chapel is a memorial of "Henry Wilson, the 
Soldiers' Friend."' In the National Cemetery adjoining the grounds are 
the monument erected by the soldiers of the Home to the memory of 
General John C. Kelton, Governor in 1892-93, and the tomb of Major- 
General John A. Logan. The headstones of the soldier graves number 
nearly 8,000. 

The Home is set in a park of natural loveliness, the grounds compris- 
ing more than 500 acres of diversified lawn, slope and ravine, adorned 
with majestic trees of the primitive forest growth. The elevated situa- 
tion gives many extensive views, among them a vista through which is 
seen the Capitol. 



IVashington the Heart of the Nation. 



57 



The Oldroyd Lincoln IMuseum.— 
No. 516 Tenth street, between E and F, f 
is the house in which Abraham Lincohi 
died, April 15, 1865. Across the way is 
the building (now a warehouse), which 
was Ford's Theater, the scene of the 
assassination. In the Lincoln House is 
preserved the verj' remarkable collection 
of Lincoln relics and memorials brought 
together by O. PL Oldroyd. The 
museum is open during the da}^ and 
evening. A small fee is charged. 

The National Botanical Garden is at 
the foot of Capitol Hill. Here are rare 
specimens of vegetation from all over 
the world, many of them brought hoine 
from distant lands by vessels of the 
Navy. An adornment of the grounds is 
the Bartholdi Fountain, the work of the 
French sculptor who designed the 
Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor. 
The Grant INlemorial is building here. 

The Civil Service Commission, at 1724 F street N. W., is the headquar- 
ters of the Civil Service Commission of the United States. 




LINCOLN MUSEUM. 




THOMAS CIRCLE. 




McCIellan 



Thomas 



Logan Washington 

STATUES AND MONUMENTS. 

Barry — Franklin Park. Bntt — Alall south of White House. Columbus — 
Union Station Plaza. Daguerre — Smithsonian grounds. Dupont — Dupont 
Circle. Farragut — Farragut Square. Franklin — Penn. Ave., loth and D 
Sts. G. A. R. Memorial — Penn. Ave. and 7th St. Garfield — INIaryland 
avenue entrance to Capitol grounds. Grant — On site of Botanical Gar- 
dens. Greene — Stanton Square. Gross — Smithsonian grounds. Hahne- 
mann — Scott Circle. Hancock — Penn. Ave. and 7th. Flenry — Smith- 
sonian grounds. Jackson — Lafayette Square. Jones — Potomac Park. 
Kosciuszko — Lafayette Square. Lafayette — Lafayette Square and Penn- 
sylvania avenue. Lincoln — (i) Fourth and D; (2) Lincoln Park; (3) 
Lincoln ]\Iemorial, west of the Washington Monument. Logan — Iowa 
Circle. Longfellow — Connecticut avenue and jM street. Luther — 
Thomas Circle. JNlcClellan — Conn. Ave. and N St. McPherson — Mc- 
Pherson Square. Marshall^ — Capitol, west terrace. Millett — AJall south 
of White Flouse. Naval Monument, or Monunient of Peace — Penn. Ave. 
foot of Capitol Hill. Pike — Lidiana avenue and Third street. Pulaski — • 
Penn. Ave. and i3th St. Rawlins — Penn. and La. Aves. and gth St. 
Rochambeau — ^Lafayette Square. Scott — (i) Scott Square; (2) Soldiers' 
Flome grounds. Sheridan — Sheridan Square. Shepherd — Plaza of 
Municipal Building. Sherman — South of Treasury. Steuben — Lafayette 
Square. Thomas — Thomas Circle. Washington — Washington Circle. 
Webster — Scott Circle. VVitherspoon — Conn. Ave. and i8th street. 




C.vcuc 



Sherman 



Pulaski 



ARLINGTON 



The Arlington National Cemetery is in \'irginia, on the heights of the 
Potomac opposite VVashinglon. The route is by the Washington-Vir- 
ginia Railway. The place is so much a part of Washington, and so 
significant a part, that we should not fail to visit it. 

Arlington House, buiit in 1802, was the home of George Washington 
Parke Custis, and afterward of Robert E. Lee. It is sometimes called the 
Custis-Lee Alansion. During the Civil War it was a hospital, and the 
Arlington estate was taken over by the Government for a national 
cemetery. The grounds are of great natural beauty. There are broad 
levels, gentle slopes and ravines, and ancient trees which give an air of 
solemnity to the scene. All the natural conditions at Arlington make it 
a fitting p!ace for the repose of the nation's dead; and it has been 
developed and beautified by landscape art, and adorned with impressive 
memorials of stone Lnd bronze. On the monuments and the headstones 
we shall find namc3 representing the soldier dead of all our wars. 

Entering by the Tort ]\lyer gate, v/e come to the section containing 
the graves of officers of the Civil War and earlier conflicts — Meigs, 
Belknap, Burns, Harney. Hazen, Kirk, Lyford, Paul, Plummer, Ricketts, 
Shelby, Stedman, Van Dachenhausen. 

Passing the sylvan temple, where the Memorial Day services have been 
held for a half-century, we come to Arlington House, whose portico com- 




ARLINGTON house and SHERIDAN IMONUMENT. 
50 



6o 



VVashincjon the Heart of the Nation. 



mands a view of the Potomac and Washington. In the hall we linger 
to re-read the Gettysburg Address, here lettered in bronze. The eloquent 
sentences take on a new meaning amid these surroundings. On the slope 
in front of the house are the graves of Porter and Sheridan, and not far 
away those of Baxter, Berdan and Crook. South of the house is the 
Temple of Fame, bearing the names of Washington, Lincoln, Grant and 
Farragut; and of Thomas, Meade, McPherson, Sedgwick, Reynolds, 
Humphreys, Garfield and Mansfield. The Monument of the Unknown 
Dead marks the common resting place of 2.1 ii unidentified soldiers who 
died on the battlefields of the Civil War. On the level plain of the Field 
of the Dead the long lines of headstones, rank after rank in orderly 
array, mark the graves of 16,000, whose names are on the Roll of Honor 
preserved in the War Department. A tall granite monument rises in the 
section where lie those who died in the Spanish and Philippine wars; 
and there are here also the anchor and the mast of the ]\Iaine, to com- 
memorate those who perished in Havana Harbor. From the West 
Indies, the Pacific Islands and other foreign lands the dead who died in 
the service of the country have been brought home — as yet others will 
be brought from France— to sleep here in Arlington, close to the heart 
of the nation to which they gave their lives. It was such returning to 
the United States lor burial in their native land of Kentucky soldiers 
killed in the Mexican War, that inspired O'Hara's elegiac, the "Bivouac 
of the Dead," which is inscribed on tablets in the Arlington grounds. 

East of the ?\Iaine Memorial is the new marble amphitheater provided 
by Congress at the instance of the Grand Army of the Republic, as an 




THE MEMORIAL AMPHITHEATER, 



IVashiiigtoii the Heart of the Nation. 



6i 




t::e field of the dead. 

enduring memorial of the heroic dead, and a suitable assembly place for 
the thousands in attendance on Decoration Day, The building has seat- 
ing capacity for 5,000 people in the amphitheater and for several thousand 
more in the colonnades, and there is room for additional hundreds on 
the stage. The amphitheater is turfed and open to the sky. 

THE BIVOUAC OF THE DEAD. 



The muffled drum's sad roll has beat 

The soldier's last tattoo; 
No more on Life's parade shall meet 

That brave and fallen few. 

On Fame's eternal camping-ground 
Their silent tents are spread. 

And Glory guards, with solemn round. 
The bivouac of the dead. 

No rumor of the foe's advance 
Now swells upon the wind; 

No troubled thought at midnight haunts 
Of loved ones left behind. 

No vision of the morrow's strife 
The warrior's dream alarms. 

No brayir.g horn or screaming fife 
At dawn shall call to arms. 



The neighing troop, the flashing blade. 

The bugle's stirring blast. 
The charge, the dreadful cannonade. 

The din and shout are past. 

Rest on, embalmed and sainted dead ! 

Dear as the blood you gave! 
No impious footsteps here shall tread 

The herbage of your grave. 

Nor shall your glory be forgot 
While Fame her record keeps. 

Or Honor points the hallowed spot 
Where Valor proudly sleeps. 

Nor wreck, nor change, nor winter's blight, 
Nor Time's remorseless doom. 

Shall dim one ray of holy hght 
That gilds your glorious tomb. 



MOUNT VERNON 



Mount Vernon, tlie Home of Washington, is on the Virginia shore of 
the Potomac, sixteen miles south of Washington. It is open to visitors 
daily except Sunday. An admission fee of 25 cents is charged. The 
all-rail route is by the Washington-Virginia Railway (trolley) from 
station, 12th street and Pennsylvania avenue. The all-water route is 
by the steamer Charles Macalester. from wharf foot of 7th street, S. W. 

The Mansion occupies a beautiful site overlooking the river. It is 
96 by 30 feet, has two stories and an attic with dormer windows; the 
roof is surmounted by a cupola. The front piazza is 15ft. deep and 25ft. 
high; the floor is tiled with flags from the Isle of Weight. Two kitchens 
are connected with the central building by colonnades. In front are 
lawns, with a deer park below; in the rear are lawns, gardens and 
orchards. The house was built in 1743 by Lawrence, half-brother of 
George Washington. It was named Mount Vernon in honor of Admiral 
Vernon, under whom Lawrence had served in the West Indies. Wash- 
ington inherited the estate, and came to live here soon after his marriage 
in 1759. Here he conducted his farm until called to the field; he re- 
turned after Yorktown, and again after his terms as President, and lived 
here as a private citizen until his death in 1799. 

When in 1855 John Augustine Washington ofifered the estate for sale, 
a patriotic daughter of South Carolina. Ann Pamela Cunningham, re- 
solved to save the home as a permanent shrine of patriotism, and devoted 
herself to the task of raising the requisite sum of $200,000. In 1858 the 
Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union was organized, with 
Miss Cunningham as Regent, and Vice-Regents representing twelve 
States. Tlnough its agency and with the co-operation of many patriotic 
people, the amount was secured, and in i860 the Association acquired 
ownership. The estate, which had fallen into a condition of neglect and 
partial ruin, has been restored by the Association; furnishings originally 
here and others of like character and dating from Washington's time, 
have been brought here, and the constant eft'ort has been to make the 
Mount Vernon of to-daj'- as closely as possible Mount Vernon as Wash- 
ington knew it. The several rooms have been assigned to the care of the 
Regents. The arms of the States are displayed in the respective rooms. 
We note some of the objects: 

IMatn Hall. — Key of the Bastile sent to Washington by Lafayette. 
Fac-simile of Lafayette's Agreement to Serve in the American Army 
with the rank of Major-General. Three of Washington's swords. 

East Parlor, or Music Room. — Harpsichord, imported from London, 
as bridal present from Washington to Nellie Custis. Washington's flute. 

In thi: West Parlor the oainting of Vernon's Fleet is one the Admiral 
presented to Lawrence Washington. The family arms are displayed 
here. The rug was made by o'-der of Louis XVT. for Washington. 

62 



64 



Washington, the Nation s Capital. 




GEORGE WASHINGTON. 

By Healey, after the Stuart portrait in the Corcoran Gallery of Art. (From a 

Thistle Print, copyright, Detroit Publishing Co.) 

In the Library the books are not those owned by Washington; they 
are for the most part duplicates of such as were here in his day. In 
the bookcase is Washington's silver inkstand, with silver snuffers and 
tray. Among other relics are chairs, surveyor's tripod, and globe. 

In the Family Dining Room the sideboard belonged to Washington. 
The china in the cupboard is a reproduction of the set presented to 
]\Irs. Washington by the officers of the French fleet in 1792. 

In Mrs. Washington's Sitting Room are four prints which hung here 
in Washington's day — The Siege, two of The Defense, and the Relief of 
Gibraltar. There is a portrait of Miss Cunningham. 

In the Banquet Hall, the mantelpiece was presented to Washington 
by Samuel Vaughan. The sideboard contains IMartha Washington's fan 
exquisitely carved and painted, and dress goods worn by her. 

The Upper Rooms. — In the Upper Hall the cabinet contains several 
relics of Washington. The Room in which Washington Died is the 



Washington the Heart of the Nation. 



65 




THE TOMB OF WASHINGTON. 



south bedroom. The furniture was used by Washington; the bedstead is 
the one upon which he died, and on the chair at the moment of his death 
lay the open Bible. The mahogany table was here. Mrs. Washington's 
Room is in the attic. It was here that she died. jNIiss Custis's Room, 
occupied by Eleanor Parke Custis, is quaintly furnished with high bed 
reached by carpeted steps, antique mirror, and chest of drawers with 
brass handles. Lafayette's Room was the one which the Marquis oc- 
cupied when a guest here. The River Room contains a bedstead used by 
Washington in Pennsylvania in 1777. In the Connecticut Room is an 
old-fashioned fire screen. In the North Carolina Room the counterpane 
is valued for its age of a hundred years and more. The English bedstead 
in the Florida Room was brought to this country by way of Bermuda. 
The mahogany chairs in the District of Columbia Room belonged 
originally to Mount Vernon. The Rhode Island Room contains a table 
upon which were spread out for discussion the plans of the battles of 
Bunker Hill, Lexington and Concord. Tennessee's Room is furnished 
in Colonial Style, with furniture made of Tennessee wild cherry. 

In the Kitchen the crane still hangs in the fireplace, and there is a 
brick oven. The outbuildings are butler's house, meat house, work- 
house, ice-house, spinning-house, green-house, and barn. One should not 
miss the Garden with the Mary Washington rose. The Sun-Dial, given 



66 



Washington the Heart of the Nation, 




CHRIST CHURCH. 

by citizens of Rhoae island to replace the original, has for motto: 
Horns non niuncro nisi screnas — "I record none but sunny hours," 

The Tomb of Washington. — The path leads down the southern slope 
past the old tomb to the plain brick structure which is the Tomb of 
Washington. Above the entrance a marble panel bears the inscription, 
''Within tills inclosure rest 'tie remains of General George IVashington." 
Above the door of the tomb are the words: '7 am tlie Resurreetion and 
the Life. He that hclievelti in Me. ttiougli lie zvere dead, yet sliatt he live." 
In the ante-chamber are the two marble sarcophagi. The one on 
the right bears on its face the name of Washington, with chiseled coat- 
of-arms of the United States and a draped flag. The other sarcophagus 
is inscribed "AIartha, Consort of Washington, Died May 21, 1801, aged 
71 years." The date should have read 1802. The tomb was constructed 
in 1837. Within the vault rest forty members of the Washington, Custis 
and related families. Nearby are monuments to the memory of some. 

Alexandria, Va., midway between Washington and Mount Vernon 
(stop-over privileges given), has man}'- associations with Washington 
and his times. In Christ Church the Washington family pew remains 
unchanged. The Carlyle House (built 1752) was the scene of many 
events of Revolutionary times, in which Washington had part. In 
the Washington-Alexandria Masonic Lodge, where Washington presided 
as Master, are preserved his regalia and many other relics. 



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